Myocardial Strain (GLS, GCS, GRS) Calculator

Calculate Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), Global Circumferential Strain (GCS), and Global Radial Strain (GRS) Myocardial Strain (GLS, GCS, GRS): Comprehensive Explanation and Clinical Context Myocardial strain quantifies myocardial deformation as a percentage change from the end-diastolic state. Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) reflects the shortening of subendocardial longitudinal fibers and is reported as a negative value. Global Circumferential Strain (GCS) represents circumferential shortening in the short-axis plane and is also negative.

Global Radial Strain (GRS) denotes wall thickening and is positive. Reference ranges Normal adult GLS ≈ −19.7% (95% CI −20.4 to −18.9), GCS ≈ −23.3%, and GRS ≈ +47%. GLS < −18% is normal, −18% to −16% borderline, and > −16% abnormal.

Clinical significance GLS is a sensitive marker for subclinical LV systolic dysfunction, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and cardiomyopathy. GCS and GRS add information on transmural fiber mechanics but are more variable. References Yingchoncharoen T, Agarwal S, Popović ZB, Marwick TH.

Normal ranges of left ventricular strain: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26:185–191. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2012.10.008.

American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) & EACVI. Clinical Applications of Strain Echocardiography: Consensus Statement. JASE.

2025. Nyberg J, et al. WASE-derived reference of global longitudinal strain.

JASE. 2023.