A focused echocardiography workspace spanning the five pathways in the audited source—now with private calculations and visible formula confidence.
Flow, gradients, pressures, resistance, and shunt calculations.
Chamber dimensions, indexed volumes, mass, and normal-reference tools.
Structured imaging views and measurement-oriented references.
Filling pressure, E/e′, relaxation, and diastology aids.
Valve area, severity, gradients, regurgitation, and stenosis tools.
Agatston Calcium Score (CT): Explanation and Clinical Context The Agatston Score is a quantitative measure of coronary artery calcium (CAC) obtained from non-contrast CT scans. It is calculated by multiplying the area of each calcified lesion by a density factor derived from the peak Hounsfield Unit (HU) within that lesion. The sum of all lesions' scores gives the total Agatston Score. Higher scores correlate with gr
Aortic Distensibility Index (ADI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Aortic Distensibility Index (ADI) is a measure of aortic elasticity, calculated using the change in aortic diameter during the cardiac cycle relative to pulse pressure. It reflects the ability of the aorta to expand and recoil with each heartbeat. Higher ADI values indicate a more compliant aorta, while lower values suggest increased stiffness, w
Aortic Stiffness Index (ASI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Aortic Stiffness Index (β) is a non-invasive echocardiographic measure of the intrinsic stiffness of the ascending aorta. It reflects the mechanical properties of the aortic wall and is calculated using systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the corresponding aortic diameters. An increased ASI indicates reduced aortic compliance and is associated
Cornell Voltage–Duration Product (CVDP): Explanation and Clinical Context The Cornell Voltage–Duration Product (CVDP) is a refined electrocardiographic index developed to improve the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by integrating both voltage magnitude and QRS duration. It was proposed by Molloy et al. (Circulation, 1992) based on data from the Cornell and Framingham studies. Formula: CVDP = (R in aVL
Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Percentile Ranking: Explanation and Clinical Context CAC percentile ranking provides an age- and sex-specific comparison of an individual's coronary artery calcium score to a reference population, as defined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). It helps to stratify atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk beyond traditional risk factors. A higher percentile ind
Coronary Artery Volume Score (CAVS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Coronary Artery Volume Score quantifies the total volume of the main coronary arteries (Left Main, Left Anterior Descending, Left Circumflex, Right Coronary Artery) as measured on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). It is used to assess the overall burden of atherosclerosis within the coronary circulation. Higher values indicate gr
CT Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRct): Explanation and Clinical Context CT FFR is a non-invasive imaging-derived estimate of the pressure drop across a coronary stenosis, simulating the fractional flow reserve obtained by invasive measurement. It integrates coronary CT angiography data with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or simplified algorithms to predict lesion-specific ischemia. FFRct values <0.75 generally indic
E/A Ratio Grading (Diastolic Function): Explanation and Clinical Context The E/A ratio is obtained from Doppler echocardiography by dividing the peak early (E) mitral inflow velocity by the peak atrial (A) contraction velocity. It is a cornerstone for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function. Grade I (E/A < 0.8) represents impaired relaxation, commonly seen in early diastolic dysfunction and aging. Grade II (E/