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C₂HEST Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The C₂HEST Score is a validated clinical tool designed to predict the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) over 5 years. It was derived from a large Asian cohort and subsequently validated in European populations. The acronym C₂HEST represents six risk factors: Coronary artery disease or Chronic heart failure (2 points), Hypertension, Elderly (age >75 years), Systol
CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score is a validated clinical risk stratification tool used to estimate the annual risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly non-valvular AF. It refines the earlier CHADS₂ Score by incorporating additional risk factors—vascular disease, age 65–74 years, and female sex—to improve sensitivity in identifying patie