A focused collection of 12 calculators, scores, and clinical references.
This tool estimates the risk of electrographic seizures in critically ill patients undergoing continuous EEG monitoring. 2HELPS2B Seizure Risk Score Explanation and Clinical Context The 2HELPS2B score is a validated EEG based risk stratification tool designed to estimate the probability of electrographic seizures in hospitalized and critically ill patients undergoing continuous EEG monitoring. The score incorporates
4AT Delirium Screening Tool: Explanation and Clinical Context The 4AT Delirium Screening Tool is a rapid bedside assessment designed to identify delirium and cognitive impairment in hospitalized patients, particularly older adults and those with acute illness. It consists of four domains including alertness, brief cognitive testing using AMT4, assessment of attention, and evaluation of acute onset or fluctuating cour
ABCD² Score (TIA Risk): Explanation and Clinical Context The ABCD² Score is a validated clinical tool designed to estimate the short-term risk of stroke following a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). It was developed by Rothwell et al. and published in Lancet (2005), combining simple clinical features—Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical presentation, Duration, and Diabetes—to predict stroke risk within 2, 7, and 90 days afte
ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score): Explanation and Clinical Context The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a 10-point quantitative CT-based scoring system designed to detect and quantify early ischemic changes within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory on non-contrast head CT. The MCA territory is divided into ten defined regions (four subcortical: caudate head [C], lentiform nucl
ASTRAL Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The ASTRAL Score is a validated clinical tool designed to predict 90-day functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. It integrates six key variables available at hospital admission: age, NIHSS stroke severity, time from symptom onset to admission, range of neurological deficit, arterial territory involved, and serum glucose levels. The total score allows stratificati
DRAGON Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DRAGON Score is a validated clinical tool designed to predict the likelihood of poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6) at 3 months in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. It incorporates six key predictors: Dense Artery sign on imaging, pre-stroke functional status (mRS), age, admission blood glucose, onset-to-treatm
Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) is a validated clinical tool designed to estimate the risk of recurrent stroke and major vascular events in patients who have experienced an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Developed from the CAPRIE and Essen Stroke Studies, it uses easily obtainable clinical variables to predict long-term vascular
iScore (Stroke Mortality): Explanation and Clinical Context iScore is a validated clinical risk score designed to predict short-term mortality in patients with acute stroke, including ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Developed by Austin et al. using Canadian Stroke Network data, iScore incorporates age, stroke type, Glasgow Coma Scale, and key comorbidities such as diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and hear
Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a rapid prehospital stroke assessment tool designed to predict the likelihood of a large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients presenting with acute neurological deficits. It evaluates three motor domains: facial droop, arm drift, and grip strength. Each domain is scored individually (Facial: 0–1; Arm: 0–2; Grip: 0–1),
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS): Explanation and Clinical Context The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a standardized tool developed by the National Institutes of Health to objectively quantify the neurological deficit in acute stroke patients. It evaluates 11 domains of neurological function, including level of consciousness, gaze, vision, facial movement, motor strength, ataxia, sensation, speech, and neglect. The total score
SITS-ICH Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The SITS-ICH Score is a validated clinical tool designed to predict the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Developed from the SITS-MOST registry, it uses baseline demographic and clinical variables to provide an individualized estimate of hemorrhagic risk. The scor
Stroke Prognostic Instrument II (SPI-II): Explanation and Clinical Context The Stroke Prognostic Instrument II (SPI-II) is a validated clinical scoring system designed to predict the risk of recurrent stroke or major vascular events (such as myocardial infarction or vascular death) in patients with a prior non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. SPI-II was developed from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders an