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HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance): Explanation and Clinical Context HOMA-IR is a validated index used to estimate insulin resistance based on fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels. The formula is: HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose [mg/dL] × Fasting Insulin [µU/mL]) / 405. Higher HOMA-IR values indicate greater insulin resistance.
It is commonly used in metabolic and cardiometabolic research and clinical practice to identify individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Typical reference ranges vary by population, but values above approximately 2.0–2.5 in adults suggest insulin resistance. This tool helps clinicians identify early metabolic derangements, guide lifestyle interventions, and monitor treatment response.
Evidence & references1 primary source mapped
- Source 1
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-419. doi:10.1007/BF00280883
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