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Cornell Voltage–Duration Product (CVDP): Explanation and Clinical Context The Cornell Voltage–Duration Product (CVDP) is a refined electrocardiographic index developed to improve the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by integrating both voltage magnitude and QRS duration. It was proposed by Molloy et al. (Circulation, 1992) based on data from the Cornell and Framingham studies. Formula: CVDP = (R in aVL
Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Percentile Ranking: Explanation and Clinical Context CAC percentile ranking provides an age- and sex-specific comparison of an individual's coronary artery calcium score to a reference population, as defined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). It helps to stratify atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk beyond traditional risk factors. A higher percentile ind
Coronary Artery Volume Score (CAVS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Coronary Artery Volume Score quantifies the total volume of the main coronary arteries (Left Main, Left Anterior Descending, Left Circumflex, Right Coronary Artery) as measured on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). It is used to assess the overall burden of atherosclerosis within the coronary circulation. Higher values indicate gr
CT Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRct): Explanation and Clinical Context CT FFR is a non-invasive imaging-derived estimate of the pressure drop across a coronary stenosis, simulating the fractional flow reserve obtained by invasive measurement. It integrates coronary CT angiography data with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or simplified algorithms to predict lesion-specific ischemia. FFRct values <0.75 generally indic