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Endurance Athlete Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Risk Score Calculator

Endurance Athlete Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context Endurance athletes, particularly those engaged in long-term high-volume aerobic training, have an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared with the general population. The pathophysiology involves atrial remodeling due to chronic volume overload, elevated vagal tone, and atrial fibrosis. The Endurance Athlete AF R

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Exercise Prescription Cardiac Safety Index (HR Zones + Meds) Calculator

Exercise Prescription Cardiac Safety Index (HR Zones + Meds): Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator provides individualized heart rate training zones integrating medication effects and cardiac safety factors. It uses the heart rate reserve (HRR) formula when resting HR is available and adjusts predicted HRmax for patients on beta-blockers using the Brawner equation (HRmax ≈ 164 − 0.7×age), otherwise the Ta

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Exercise-Induced Hypertension Risk Index (EIHR Index) Calculator

Exercise-Induced Hypertension Risk Index (EIHR Index): Explanation and Clinical Context Exercise-Induced Hypertension (EIH) refers to an exaggerated increase in systolic blood pressure during graded exercise testing, typically defined as a peak systolic BP ≥210 mmHg in men or ≥190 mmHg in women. It reflects increased vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and an early marker of future sustained hypertension and