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ABCD² Score (TIA Risk): Explanation and Clinical Context The ABCD² Score is a validated clinical tool designed to estimate the short-term risk of stroke following a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). It was developed by Rothwell et al. and published in Lancet (2005), combining simple clinical features—Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical presentation, Duration, and Diabetes—to predict stroke risk within 2, 7, and 90 days afte
ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score): Explanation and Clinical Context The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a 10-point quantitative CT-based scoring system designed to detect and quantify early ischemic changes within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory on non-contrast head CT. The MCA territory is divided into ten defined regions (four subcortical: caudate head [C], lentiform nucl
ASTRAL Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The ASTRAL Score is a validated clinical tool designed to predict 90-day functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. It integrates six key variables available at hospital admission: age, NIHSS stroke severity, time from symptom onset to admission, range of neurological deficit, arterial territory involved, and serum glucose levels. The total score allows stratificati