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Pulmonary Regurgitation (1) Unless there are other reasons for RV enlargement. (2) Exception: acute PR. (3) Identifies a CMR-derived PR fraction >40%. (4) Steep deceleration is not specific for severe PR. (5) Not reliable in the presence of high RV end diastolic pressure. (6) Defined as the duration of the PR signal divided by the total duration of diastole, with this cutoff identifying a CMR-derived PR fraction > 25
Tricuspid Regurgitation Bolded signs are considered specific for their tricuspid regurgitation grade. (1) RV and RA size can be within the “normal” range in patients with acute severe TR. (2) Signs are nonspecific and are influenced by many other factors (RV diastolic function, atrial fibrillation, RA pressure). (3) There are little data to support further separation of these values. ASE Recommendations for Noninvasi
Paravalvular Leak (PVL) Severity Score: Rationale, Calculations, and Clinical Use This tool consolidates validated catheter-based hemodynamic indices to grade PVL severity immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The core metric is the Aortic Regurgitation Index (ARI), defined as ((DBP − LVEDP) / SBP) × 100. Lower values imply greater diastolic run-off into the LV and more severe PVL. In the s
Pulse Pressure: Explanation and Clinical Context Pulse pressure is the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It reflects the interaction between stroke volume, aortic compliance, and ventricular function. A normal pulse pressure in healthy adults is approximately forty millimeters of mercury, although this value may vary with age. A widened pulse pressure may indicate increased arterial
Pulse Pressure Index (PPI): Explanation and Clinical Context Pulse Pressure Index (PPI) is the ratio of pulse pressure (PP) to systolic blood pressure (SBP), calculated as (SBP – DBP) / SBP. It provides a standardized measure of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk. Pulse pressure reflects the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serves as a surrogate for arterial compliance. Higher PPI