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Constriction Probability Score (Echo-based): Explanation and Clinical Context The Constriction Probability Score (Echo-based) is a diagnostic tool designed to assess the likelihood of constrictive pericarditis using echocardiographic parameters. This score incorporates key measurements such as Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI), Right Atrial Volume Index (RAVI), Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), and Tr
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Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI): Explanation and Clinical Context LAVI represents the left atrial volume indexed to body surface area and serves as a reliable marker of chronic diastolic burden. Enlargement of the left atrium occurs gradually as a consequence of prolonged elevation of left ventricular filling pressure. Because of this, LAVI is considered a structural biomarker that reflects chronic diastolic dysfunct
Left Atrial (LA) Volume Severity Index in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Explanation and Clinical Context The Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI) is calculated as the left atrial volume (LAV) divided by the body surface area (BSA), providing a body size–adjusted measure of LA enlargement. LA enlargement in HCM reflects chronic diastolic dysfunction, elevated left ventricular filling pressures, and contributes to risk
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Grade (ASE 2016): Explanation and Clinical Context LV diastolic dysfunction refers to abnormal filling and relaxation of the left ventricle. ASE 2016 recommends an integrative approach using four parameters: E/e' ratio, septal e', TR velocity, and left atrial volume index (LAVI). Grade I represents impaired relaxation with normal filling pressures, Grade II represents pseudonorm
LV End-Diastolic Volume Index (LVEDVI): Explanation and Clinical Context LV End-Diastolic Volume Index (LVEDVI) represents the volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole, normalized to body surface area (BSA). It is a fundamental echocardiographic parameter to assess left ventricular size and remodeling. In clinical practice, LVEDVI helps detect dilated cardiomyopathy, monitor heart failure progress
Stroke Volume Index (SVi): Explanation and Clinical Context Stroke Volume Index is a hemodynamic parameter that describes the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each cardiac contraction, adjusted to body surface area. This index refines the interpretation of stroke volume by incorporating patient size, making it a more accurate indicator of forward flow in individuals with significantly different bo
Stroke Volume Index (SVi) for RV Failure Prediction: Explanation and Clinical Context Stroke Volume Index (SVi) is a hemodynamic parameter that represents the stroke volume normalized to body surface area. It is calculated as cardiac output divided by heart rate and then indexed to BSA, providing a load-adjusted measure of cardiac performance. In the context of right ventricular (RV) failure prediction, SVi has been