A focused collection of 13 calculators, scores, and clinical references.
6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) Risk Category: Explanation and Clinical Context The 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) is a standardized submaximal exercise test used to evaluate functional capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It measures the distance a patient can walk on a flat, hard surface in six minutes. Within the ESC/ERS 2022 risk assessment framework, 6MWD is a key parameter for estimatin
BNP/NT-proBNP Risk Tier: Explanation and Clinical Context The BNP/NT-proBNP Risk Tier is a validated system to classify patients according to the circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP). These biomarkers reflect myocardial wall stress, ventricular overload, and cardiac dysfunction in conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure. Levels are
COMPERA 2.0 Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The COMPERA 2.0 Risk Model is an updated four-strata prognostic system for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), derived from the large COMPERA registry. It refines the previous three-strata model by dividing the intermediate group into two categories: intermediate-low and intermediate-high, enhancing clinical decision-making and treatment target
: Explanation and Clinical Context The DETECT Algorithm is a validated, evidence-based two-step screening tool for early detection of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). It was developed from a large prospective multicenter study (Coghlan et al., Ann Rheum Dis, 2014) that identified key clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic predictors of PAH in high-risk SSc patients
ESC/ERS 2022 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Risk Table: Explanation and Clinical Context The ESC/ERS 2022 Risk Table provides a multiparametric assessment model for estimating the 1-year mortality risk in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It integrates clinical, functional, biomarker, and hemodynamic data to categorize patients into Low (<5%), Intermediate (5–20%), or High (>20%) risk groups. Key
FPHN Prognostic Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The FPHN Prognostic Index is a scoring system developed to assess the risk of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It incorporates clinical parameters such as age, cardiac index, 6-minute walk distance, NT-proBNP levels, hemoglobin concentration, and right atrial pressure. A higher score indicates a higher risk of mortality, aiding c
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Calculator: Explanation and Clinical Context Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is a hemodynamic parameter that reflects left atrial pressure and is widely used as an indirect measure of left ventricular filling pressure. In clinical practice, PCWP plays an essential role in the evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure, assessment of hemodynamic congestion, and differenti
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Calculator Explanation and Clinical Context Pulmonary vascular resistance describes the afterload that the right ventricle must overcome to eject blood into the pulmonary circulation. It is derived from a hemodynamic relationship that integrates pressure gradients across the pulmonary vasculature and the magnitude of pulmonary blood flow. PVR reflects the degree of vasoconstriction, remo
REVEAL 2.0 Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The REVEAL 2.0 Risk Score (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management 2.0) is a validated and widely used prognostic model developed to estimate 1-year mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It is based on the large U.S. REVEAL registry and integrates demographic, clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and hemody
REVEAL Lite 2 Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context REVEAL Lite 2 is a simplified, non-invasive risk assessment tool for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It is derived from the original REVEAL 2.0 registry and validated to provide reliable prediction of 1-year mortality using only six readily available clinical variables: WHO Functional Class, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, 6-minute w
Right Atrial Pressure Estimation Using IVC Diameter and Collapse Estimating right atrial pressure is an essential part of echocardiographic assessment because it directly influences the calculation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and provides insight into right sided cardiac filling. The widely adopted method is based on the diameter of the inferior vena cava and its collapsibility with inspiration. A small ven
Swedish PAH Registry Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The Swedish PAH Registry Risk Model is a validated prognostic tool for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), developed from the Swedish Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Registry (SPAHR). It integrates six key clinical and hemodynamic variables: WHO Functional Class (FC), 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), NT-proBNP, Right Atrial Pressure (RAP
TAPSE/PASP Ratio: Explanation and Clinical Context The TAPSE/PASP ratio is a non-invasive echocardiographic index used to assess the coupling between right ventricular (RV) function and pulmonary arterial load. TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) measures longitudinal RV systolic function, while PASP (Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure) reflects the afterload imposed on the RV. This ratio provides insi