1,329 calculators and references across 60 specialties, with formula confidence shown up front.
6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) Percent Predicted: Explanation and Clinical Context The 6MWD is a standardized test measuring the distance a patient can walk in six minutes, reflecting functional exercise capacity. Percent predicted 6MWD is calculated using demographic factors (age, sex, height, weight) to estimate expected performance based on population norms. The formula used here is derived from Enright et al., 199
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Cardiac Rehabilitation Completion Index (CRCI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Cardiac Rehabilitation Completion Index (CRCI) is a measure of patient adherence to prescribed cardiac rehabilitation programs, expressed as the percentage of attended sessions over total prescribed sessions. High CRCI values (>80%) are associated with optimal clinical benefits, including improved exercise capacity, reduced cardiovas
Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES): Explanation and Clinical Context The Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) is a validated 10-item tool designed to measure patients’ confidence in managing the challenges of heart disease. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident), producing a total score ranging from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy and better likelihood of effective
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a validated 9-point scale developed to assess the overall level of fitness or frailty in older adults. It ranges from 1 (very fit) to 9 (terminally ill) and incorporates physical activity, dependence on others, and comorbidity status. It is used in clinical settings to predict outcomes such as mortality, hospitalization
CONUT Score (Controlling Nutritional Status): Explanation and Clinical Context CONUT Score is a validated nutritional screening tool that estimates malnutrition in hospitalized patients using three laboratory parameters: serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol. Albumin reflects protein reserves, lymphocyte count reflects immune function, and cholesterol reflects caloric depletion. The total CONUT
Duke Activity Status Index Explanation and Clinical Context The Duke Activity Status Index is a validated self administered questionnaire used to estimate functional capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness by quantifying a patient's ability to perform common daily and recreational activities. The total score represents a surrogate measure of maximal oxygen consumption which correlates strongly with peak VO2 measured d
Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) is a validated tool designed to quickly screen frailty in older adults, assessing multiple domains including cognition, general health status, functional independence, social support, medication use, nutrition, mood, continence, and functional performance. Scores range from 0 to 17, with higher scores indicating greater fr
EQ-5D-5L Cardiovascular Module: Explanation and Clinical Context The EQ-5D-5L Cardiovascular Module is an extension of the generic EQ-5D-5L health-related quality of life instrument, specifically designed for patients with cardiovascular disease. It evaluates six dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and cardiovascular-specific symptoms. Each dimension is scored from
FITT Compliance Index (Rehab Adherence): Explanation and Clinical Context The FITT Compliance Index is a quantitative measure of adherence to prescribed exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs. It evaluates four key dimensions of exercise prescription: Frequency (number of sessions per week), Intensity (effort level on a 1-10 scale), Time (duration of each session in minutes), and Type (mode of exercise, e.g.,
Frailty–AVR Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The Frailty–AVR Score is a clinical tool developed to assess frailty in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR), including transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It incorporates factors such as age, serum albumin levels, body mass index (BMI), functional status (measured by the Katz Activities of Daily Living scale), and mobility (assessed via th
Fried Frailty Phenotype: Explanation and Clinical Context The Fried Frailty Phenotype, developed by Fried et al. in 2001, is a widely used clinical tool to assess frailty in older adults. It consists of five components: unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, low physical activity, slowness (walking speed), and weakness (grip strength). Each positive criterion scores 1 point, with a total score ranging f
Gait and Handgrip Strength Index (GHSI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Gait and Handgrip Strength Index (GHSI) combines gait speed (m/s) and handgrip strength (kg) as an integrated measure of physical performance and frailty in older adults and patients with cardiovascular disease. Gait speed reflects overall mobility, functional capacity, and cardiovascular reserve, while handgrip strength reflects upper-body
Gait Nutritional Risk Index (NRI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) is a validated scoring system developed by Buzby et al. (1988) to assess the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients. It is calculated using the formula: NRI = (1.519 × serum albumin [g/dL]) + (41.7 × (current weight / usual weight)). Higher NRI values indicate better nutritional status, while lower values indic
Gait Speed Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The Gait Speed Index measures the average walking speed of an individual, calculated as the distance walked (in meters) divided by the time taken (in seconds), expressed in meters per second (m/s). It is a simple, validated measure of functional status and physical performance, particularly in older adults and patients with cardiovascular or frailty conditions. Slowe
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI): Explanation and Clinical Context GNRI is a simple and validated tool designed to assess the nutritional risk in elderly patients. It combines serum albumin levels and the ratio of actual to ideal body weight to predict the risk of nutrition-related complications and mortality. The original formula by Bouillanne et al. (2005) is: GNRI = (1.489 × serum albumin [g/L]) + (41.7 × (
HeartQoL Global Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The HeartQoL is a validated disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire for patients with ischemic heart disease, including angina and myocardial infarction. It consists of a 14-item instrument with two subscales: Physical (10 items, range 0–32) and Emotional (4 items, range 0–24). The Global Index is calculated as the mean of Physical
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): Explanation and Clinical Context The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a validated self-assessment questionnaire designed to detect states of anxiety and depression in patients in hospital and outpatient settings. It consists of 14 items, 7 assessing anxiety (HADS-A) and 7 assessing depression (HADS-D), with each item scored from 0 to 3, resulting in a total
Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ): Explanation and Clinical Context The KCCQ is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure assessing physical limitation, symptom frequency, quality of life, and social limitation in patients with heart failure. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status and lower symptom burden. The Overall Summary Score is the average of the domain
Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale: Explanation and Clinical Context The Lawton IADL Scale assesses a person's ability to perform complex activities necessary for living independently in the community. It evaluates eight domains: ability to use telephone, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, responsibility for own medications, and ability to handle finances. Each
MacNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The MacNew Heart Disease HRQOL questionnaire is a validated patient-reported outcome tool designed to assess the impact of heart disease on a patient’s physical, emotional, and social functioning. It consists of 27 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = poor, 7 = excellent), which are grouped into three domains: Ph
Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ): Explanation and Clinical Context The MLHFQ is a disease-specific instrument designed to assess the impact of heart failure on a patient’s quality of life over the past month. It contains 21 items, each scored from 0 (no impact) to 5 (very much impact), covering both physical (items 1,2,3,4,5,14,15) and emotional (items 6,7,8,9,10,11,16,17,18) domains. The tot
NYHA Class Change Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The NYHA Class Change Index quantifies the difference in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class before and after a rehabilitation program. It is calculated by subtracting the post-rehabilitation class from the pre-rehabilitation class. Positive values indicate functional improvement, negative values indicate worsening, and zero indicates no change.
PHQ-9 Depression Score (for Cardiac Patients): Explanation and Clinical Context The PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) is a widely used, validated tool to screen and measure the severity of depression, specifically useful in cardiac patients where depression is a known risk factor for worse cardiovascular outcomes. It includes 9 questions reflecting DSM-IV criteria for depression, scored from 0 (Not at all) to 3
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form: Explanation and Clinical Context The IPAQ Short Form is a validated questionnaire designed to estimate weekly physical activity levels in adults. It captures frequency (days per week) and duration (minutes per day) of walking, moderate, and vigorous activities. The resulting MET-minutes/week provides a standardized measure of total physical activity. Ph
Post-Cardiac Rehabilitation Risk Reduction Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The Post-Cardiac Rehabilitation Risk Reduction Score (PCRRRS) is a clinical tool designed to assess the potential risk reduction in patients with cardiovascular disease who participate in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Studies have shown that CR is associated with a 20% to 30% reduction in mortality in individuals with coronary artery di
Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI): Explanation and Clinical Context Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is a clinical tool used to assess the nutritional and immunological status of patients, originally developed by Onodera et al. in 1984. It is calculated using serum albumin concentration and total lymphocyte count. PNI has been validated as a predictor of postoperative complications, surgical outcomes, and prognosi
REACH Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The REACH Index is a predictive tool developed to estimate the likelihood of a patient's attendance in a cardiac rehabilitation program. It incorporates various factors such as age, gender, smoking status, marital status, and anxiety levels. The index is calculated using a logistic regression model, where each factor is assigned a coefficient based on its impact on attend
Return-to-Work Prognostic Score (post-MI/CABG): Explanation and Clinical Context The Return-to-Work (RTW) Prognostic Score is a validated tool to estimate the likelihood that patients will successfully resume occupational activities after myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It incorporates patient age, gender, job physical demand, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and comorb
Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ): Explanation and Clinical Context The SAQ is a patient-reported outcome measure specifically developed to quantify the impact of angina on patients with coronary artery disease. It assesses five domains: Physical Limitation, Angina Stability, Angina Frequency, Treatment Satisfaction, and Quality of Life, each scored from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Higher scores indicate better patient
SF-36 Physical Function Domain: Explanation and Clinical Context The SF-36 Physical Function (PF) domain evaluates the extent to which health limits physical activities, from vigorous activities such as running or lifting heavy objects to basic self-care tasks. It consists of 10 items, each scored on a Likert scale. The total raw score is converted to a 0–100 scale, where higher scores indicate better physical functi
SHARE-FI (Frailty Index in Elderly Cardiac Patients): Explanation and Clinical Context SHARE-FI is a validated tool designed to assess frailty in community-dwelling older adults, particularly useful in elderly cardiac patients. It uses five domains: exhaustion, loss of appetite, weakness (grip strength), slowness (walking speed), and low physical activity. Each domain contributes to a composite score that classifies
Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ): Explanation and Clinical Context SNAQ is a validated screening tool to quickly assess the risk of malnutrition in adults, especially elderly patients or those with chronic illness. It evaluates three key parameters: appetite loss, recent unintentional weight loss, and use of supplemental drinks or tube feeding. Each response is scored, and the total SNAQ score indica
WHOQOL-BREF Cardiac-Adapted: Explanation and Clinical Context The WHOQOL-BREF is a validated instrument to assess health-related quality of life across four key domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. In cardiac-adapted versions, specific questions are tailored to cardiovascular patients, capturing limitations, symptoms, social support, and environmental factors that imp