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ACS-NSQIP MICA (Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest) Risk Calculator

ACS-NSQIP MICA (Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest) Risk: Explanation and Clinical Context The ACS-NSQIP MICA model estimates the probability of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest within 30 days of surgery using five independent predictors: age, functional status, ASA class, serum creatinine, and procedure category. The logistic equation is x = 0.02×Age + Functional + ASA + Creatinine + Proced

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Allowable Blood Loss (ABL) Calculator

Allowable Blood Loss Calculator Explanation and Clinical Context Allowable Blood Loss represents the maximum amount of blood a patient can safely lose before reaching a predefined critical hematocrit threshold during surgery or acute bleeding. The calculation is based on the estimated blood volume multiplied by the proportional change in hematocrit from the initial value to the acceptable minimum value. This approach

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Anesthesia Risk Stratification for Cardiac Patients (ASA + Cardiac Modifiers)

: Explanation and Clinical Context This tool combines the ASA Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification with cardiac-specific “risk modifiers” and the presence of active cardiac conditions to structure perioperative decision-making for patients with cardiovascular disease who are undergoing noncardiac surgery. The ASA-PS conveys baseline physiological reserve and comorbidity burden, and the emergency modifier “E” indic

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Bleeding Risk after Cardiac Surgery (Papworth BRiSc) Calculator

Surgery Type -- Select -- CABG or Single Valve Other (e.g., double/triple valve, aortic, combined) Aortic Valve Disease (stenosis/regurgitation) -- Select -- No Yes BMI (kg/m2) Age (years) Bleeding Risk after Cardiac Surgery (Papworth BRiSc): Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator implements the Papworth Bleeding Risk Score (BRiSc), a preoperative stratification tool developed to identify cardiac surgery pa

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Cardiac Risk Index (Goldman Criteria) Calculator

Explanation The Goldman Cardiac Risk Index is one of the earliest validated tools used to estimate perioperative cardiac complications in non-cardiac surgery. Each variable contributes a specific weighted score based on its statistical association with adverse outcomes. Total points determine the risk class, which correlates with predicted complication rates: Class I: 0–5 points (1% risk) Class II: 6–12 points (7% ri

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Cardiac Surgery Frailty Index (Pre-Op) Calculator

Cardiac Surgery Frailty Index (Pre-Operative): Explanation and Clinical Context The Cardiac Surgery Frailty Index (CSFI) is a multidimensional assessment tool developed by Afilalo and colleagues to quantify preoperative frailty in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. It integrates objective and functional domains including gait speed, grip strength, cognition, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and dependence in activities of

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Cardiopulmonary Bypass Inflammatory Response Index (CPB-IRI) Calculator

Cardiopulmonary Bypass Inflammatory Response Index (CPB-IRI): Explanation and Clinical Context The CPB-IRI is based upon the concept of the systemic immune/inflammation index (SII) — calculated as platelet count multiplied by neutrophil count and divided by lymphocyte count. It serves as a surrogate marker of the inflammatory response initiated during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CPB activates complement, neutrophil

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Early Graft Failure Risk (post-CABG) Calculator

Early Graft Failure Risk (post-CABG): Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator estimates the probability of early saphenous vein graft (SVG) occlusion within 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the SAFINOUS model (Antonopoulos et al., JTCVS 2020). It incorporates patient factors (age, sex, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, serum creatinine), operative details (endoscopic vein harvestin

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EuroSCORE II (Perioperative Cardiac Morbidity Subscore Companion) Calculator

EuroSCORE II for Mortality and a Companion View for Morbidity EuroSCORE II is the contemporary, validated model for predicting in-hospital mortality after adult cardiac surgery. The logistic equation combines patient and operative variables such as age, comorbidities, renal function, LV function, pulmonary pressures, and surgical urgency. The calculator implements the exact logistic coefficients as published by Nashe

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Fast-Track Extubation Eligibility Score (Cardiac Surgery)

Use this tool to estimate readiness for early or operating-room extubation after adult cardiac surgery. It combines evidence-informed bedside criteria (hemodynamics, gas exchange, bleeding, neurological status) with perioperative predictors reported in the literature to categorize eligibility as Eligible now, Borderline—optimize, or Not eligible now. Fast-Track Extubation (Cardiac Surgery): Explanation and Clinical C

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Gupta MICA (Perioperative MI or Cardiac Arrest) Risk Calculator

Gupta Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest (MICA) Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The Gupta MICA model estimates the probability of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest within 30 days after non-cardiac surgery. It uses five preoperative predictors readily available at assessment: age (continuous), functional status (independent/partially dependent/totally dependent), American Society

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Lee’s Cardiac Risk Index (Original RCRI) Calculator

Ischemic Heart Disease (history of MI/positive stress test/current angina/use of nitrates/pathological Q waves) Check if present Congestive Heart Failure (history or signs/symptoms consistent with CHF) Check if present Cerebrovascular Disease (history of stroke or TIA) Check if present Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin Check if patient uses insulin Serum Creatinine mg/dL µmol/L Threshold for RCRI point: > 2.0 mg/dL (≈ > 1

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Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery (MINS) Risk Predictor

Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery (MINS): Explanation and Clinical Context MINS refers to myocardial injury occurring within 30 days after noncardiac surgery, attributed to ischemic mechanisms and detected by postoperative cardiac troponin elevation. It is common, often clinically silent, and independently associated with short-term and long-term mortality. The preoperative model implemented here estimates i

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NSQIP Cardiac Complication (MICA) Risk Calculator

Gupta (NSQIP) MICA Risk Calculator Estimate 30-day risk of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest (MICA) using the ACS-NSQIP–derived Gupta model. Enter preoperative variables below and click Calculate. NSQIP (Gupta) MICA: Explanation, Clinical Context, and References This calculator implements the ACS NSQIP-derived Gupta model to estimate the probability of myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest withi

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Perioperative NT-proBNP Risk Triage Model (VISION-based)

Perioperative NT-proBNP Risk Triage Model: Comprehensive Explanation and Clinical Context N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac biomarker that reflects myocardial wall stress and neurohormonal activation. In large perioperative cohorts, preoperative NT-proBNP provides substantial prognostic information for vascular death and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) within 30 days

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Postoperative AKI Cardiac Surgery (AKICS) Calculator

Postoperative AKI after Cardiac Surgery (AKICS): Explanation and Clinical Context The AKICS score is a bedside tool derived and prospectively validated to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) after elective cardiac surgery. It integrates preoperative, intraoperative, and early postoperative information available at ICU admission: combined surgery (e.g., CABG plus valve), NYHA class ≥ 2, pre-operative serum creatinine >

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Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) Risk Score Calculator

Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) Risk Score, developed by Mariscalco and colleagues, provides a simple, evidence-based model to estimate the likelihood of new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. The score incorporates nine routinely available preoperative clinical variables: age, sex, chronic obstructive pul

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Postoperative Delirium Cardiac Risk Score (Rudolph et al.) Calculator

Geriatric Depression Scale – 5 item (GDS-5) History of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Select... Yes No Serum Albumin (g/dL) Abnormal is defined as <3.5 or >5.2 g/dL in the original rule. Postoperative Delirium Cardiac Risk Score (Rudolph et al., 2009): Explanation and Clinical Context This pre-operative rule was derived and validated in older adults undergoing cardiac surgery and assigns points for cognitive imp

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Postoperative Stroke Risk Model (Noncardiac Surgery) Calculator

Postoperative Stroke Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator estimates 30-day postoperative ischemic stroke risk after noncardiac, nonneurologic surgery using preoperative variables. Predictors are derived from NSQIP-based studies and include age, prior stroke/TIA, coronary disease, recent myocardial infarction, renal dysfunction, anemia, dysnatremia, COPD, hypertension, smoking, ASA class, emerg

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Pre-op Hemodynamic Optimization Index (PHOI) Calculator

Pre-op Hemodynamic Optimization Index (PHOI): Rationale, Use, and Evidence The PHOI provided here is a pragmatic composite to help clinicians summarize the patient’s immediate pre-operative hemodynamic state and identify modifiable targets before anesthesia induction. It is not a published or validated score; to our knowledge there is no original “Pre-op Hemodynamic Optimization Index” in the literature. The componen

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Re-exploration for Bleeding Predictor (Post-Cardiac Surgery)

: Explanation and Clinical Context Re-exploration for bleeding after cardiac surgery is one of the most feared complications, associated with increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged ICU stay, and higher transfusion requirements. Accurate preoperative and intraoperative risk prediction is therefore critical to guide preventive strategies and optimize surgical planning. This prediction model is derived from the analy

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Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) Calculator

Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a validated preoperative tool used to predict the risk of major cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. It was originally proposed by Lee et al. (Circulation, 1999) as a simplified alternative to the Goldman Index, using six independent predictors of risk derived from multivariate anal

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Vascular Surgery Cardiac Risk Index (VSG-CRI) Calculator

Vascular Surgery Cardiac Risk Index (VSG-CRI): Explanation and Clinical Context The VSG-CRI is a vascular-surgery–specific risk score developed from >10,000 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, lower-extremity bypass, endovascular AAA repair, and open AAA repair. It predicts in-hospital adverse cardiac events (myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, or decompensated heart failure) and was shown to outperform the Re

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WILL-BLEED (CABG Perioperative Bleeding) Calculator

Heads-up: You asked for the “CARDEL Index (CABG perioperative bleeding)”. The CARDEL Index predicts postoperative delirium after CABG, not bleeding. For perioperative bleeding after isolated CABG, the validated model is the WILL-BLEED Risk Score (Biancari et al., Thromb Haemost 2017). The tool below implements that score using the original logistic model coefficients for a more precise probability estimate, alongside