1,329 calculators and references across 60 specialties, with formula confidence shown up front.
Age Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose CSF Glucose mg per dL Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein CSF Protein mg per dL Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Count CSF WBC cells per mm3 Blood Glucose mg per dL Explanation and Clinical Context This tool assists clinicians by providing a structured evaluation of the probability of bacterial meningitis using variables derived from cerebrospinal fluid studies and basic laboratory measure
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) Success Score: Explanation and Clinical Context Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) is an interventional therapy for patients with inoperable or residual chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The BPA Success Score estimates the likelihood of achieving hemodynamic normalization (mean pulmonary artery pressure < 25 mmHg) following a series of BPA sessions. The score
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BASDAI Ankylosing Activity Index Explanation and Clinical Context The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index is a validated instrument used to quantify disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. This tool evaluates six core symptoms that include fatigue spinal pain peripheral joint pain enthesitis and two measures related to morning stiffness. Each component reflects a central aspect of inflammatory burd
BASFI Question 1 Ability to put on socks or stockings without help BASFI Question 2 Ability to bend from the waist to pick up an object BASFI Question 3 Ability to reach up to a high shelf BASFI Question 4 Ability to get up from a chair without support BASFI Question 5 Ability to get up off the floor without help BASFI Question 6 Ability to stand unsupported for ten minutes BASFI Question 7 Ability to climb twelve to
BASIL Trial Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The BASIL Trial Risk Model is derived from the multicenter BASIL trial comparing surgical bypass and angioplasty in patients with severe limb ischemia. This model estimates 1-year mortality risk based on key clinical factors including age >75, male sex, renal dysfunction, severe cardiac disease, tissue loss (ulcer or gangrene), and urgency of the procedure. Eac
BASMI Mobility Score Explanation and Clinical Context BASMI or Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index is a standardized instrument used to quantify spinal and hip mobility limitation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. The score is derived from five physical measurements which include cervical rotation tragus to wall distance lumbar side flexion lumbar flexion evaluated with the modified Schober test and i
BCN Bio-HF (approximate implementation): Explanation and context The BCN Bio-Heart Failure (BCN Bio-HF) risk calculator is a multimarker prognostic tool developed from a contemporary outpatient heart-failure cohort. It combines routine clinical variables (age, NYHA class, LVEF, sodium, eGFR, hemoglobin, loop diuretic dose, and evidence-based treatments such as beta-blocker/ACEI/ARB/statin) with up to three serum biom
BCN Bio-HF Score: Explanation and Clinical Context BCN Bio-HF Score is a biomarker-based risk model developed to predict long-term mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It uses a combination of clinical variables and circulating biomarkers, including BNP/NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity troponin, to enhance risk stratification beyond traditional clinical scores. The sco
Beck Depression Inventory One Score Beck Depression Inventory Two Score Beck Anxiety Inventory Score Beck Hopelessness Scale Score Beck Anxiety and Depression Variants Explanation and Clinical Context Beck psychological assessment tools are widely validated instruments used to quantify the severity of anxiety depression and hopelessness in clinical and research settings. Beck Depression Inventory One and Beck Depress
Bernstein-Parsonnet 2000 Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The Bernstein-Parsonnet 2000 Model is a validated scoring system designed to estimate operative mortality risk in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. It incorporates patient-specific variables including age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, history of previous cardiac surgery, a
Bilirubin/Albumin Ratio (BAR Index): Explanation and Clinical Context The Bilirubin/Albumin Ratio (BAR) is a biochemical marker that reflects the balance between liver excretory function (represented by serum bilirubin) and synthetic capacity (represented by albumin). An elevated BAR value indicates an imbalance between hepatocellular injury and decreased albumin synthesis, both of which are associated with systemic
Bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction BIND Score Explanation and clinical context The BIND score is a simple bedside scoring tool that quantifies the clinical severity of acute bilirubin neurologic dysfunction in neonates by assigning scores from zero to three to three clinical domains mental state muscle tone and cry pattern for a total possible score of zero to nine. Total scores of one to three are generally co
BioHF Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The BioHF Score (modelled after the BCN Bio-HF Calculator) integrates clinical variables (age, sex, NYHA class, LVEF, serum sodium, eGFR, hemoglobin, loop diuretic dose, and therapy status such as β-blocker, ACEI/ARB, statin) together with key biomarkers (NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity troponin T, and soluble ST2) to estimate individual mortality risk at 1, 2 and 3 years in
Bioimpedance Scale Body Fat Explanation and Clinical Context Bioimpedance scales estimate body fat percentage by analyzing the resistance of body tissues to a low level electrical current. Lean tissue contains more water and conducts electricity more easily, whereas fat tissue provides higher resistance. Consumer bioimpedance devices combine anthropometric variables such as height, weight, age, and sex to improve est
BIOSTAT-CHF Mortality Risk: Explanation and Clinical Context The BIOSTAT-CHF (A systems BIOlogy Study to Tailored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure) program developed and validated multivariable risk models for outcomes in heart failure using a large European cohort (index n≈2,516; validation n≈1,738). The five strongest independent predictors of all-cause mortality were: older age, higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN),
BISAP Pancreatitis Mortality Score Explanation and Clinical Context The BISAP Score is a validated early risk stratification tool for predicting mortality in acute pancreatitis. The score incorporates five clinical parameters that can be measured within the first twenty four hours of hospital evaluation. These parameters include blood urea nitrogen elevation impaired mental status systemic inflammatory response syndr
Explanation and Clinical Context The Bishop score is a clinical tool used to assess cervical favorability for labour induction by assigning points to five parameters assessed on digital cervical examination: cervical dilation, effacement, fetal station, cervical consistency, and cervical position. Each parameter contributes a subscore. The total score ranges from zero to thirteen. Higher scores indicate a cervix that
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Glasgow Blatchford Score Explanation and Clinical Context The Glasgow Blatchford Score is a preendoscopic risk stratification tool for patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It uses clinical and basic laboratory variables available at presentation to estimate the likelihood that a patient will need hospital based intervention such as blood transfusion endoscopic therapy or surgery. The score components
Surgery Type -- Select -- CABG or Single Valve Other (e.g., double/triple valve, aortic, combined) Aortic Valve Disease (stenosis/regurgitation) -- Select -- No Yes BMI (kg/m2) Age (years) Bleeding Risk after Cardiac Surgery (Papworth BRiSc): Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator implements the Papworth Bleeding Risk Score (BRiSc), a preoperative stratification tool developed to identify cardiac surgery pa
Explanation and Clinical Context Dual antiplatelet therapy combining aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor is a cornerstone of treatment after acute coronary syndromes. The 2025 American Heart Association acute coronary syndromes guideline emphasizes that the intensity and duration of antiplatelet therapy should be individualized by balancing ischemic benefit against bleeding risk within a structured clinical decisi
Explanation and Clinical Context Mean Arterial Pressure is an important physiological value that reflects average arterial pressure within one cardiac cycle. It approximates perfusion pressure to vital organs such as brain heart and kidney. MAP is commonly calculated using the formula SBP plus two times DBP divided by three. Normal MAP values generally range from seventy to one hundred millimeter mercury. Values belo
Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine (BUN/Cr) Ratio: Explanation and Clinical Context The BUN/Cr ratio is a commonly used biochemical marker to assess the relative elevation of blood urea nitrogen compared to serum creatinine. It is widely applied in the context of acute kidney injury (AKI), volume depletion, and other renal and systemic conditions. A BUN/Cr ratio <10 is generally considered low risk, indicating a low like
BMI Based Body Fat Percentage Explanation and Clinical Context BMI based body fat estimation uses body mass index, age, and sex to approximate total body fat percentage. This method is derived from population based regression models and provides a simple alternative when direct body composition measurement is unavailable. Body mass index reflects the relationship between body weight and height but does not differenti
Body Mass Index: Explanation and Clinical Context Body Mass Index is a commonly used anthropometric measure that relates weight to height and provides a general estimation of body fatness. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. Although BMI does not directly measure adiposity, it is widely adopted because of its simplicity, reproducibility, and strong correlation with var
Explanation and clinical context Basal metabolic rate estimated by the Mifflin St Jeor equation reflects resting energy expenditure in adults and is widely used due to its accuracy across different populations. Total daily energy expenditure combines basal metabolic rate with an activity factor to estimate energy needs for weight maintenance. Adjustments for weight gain or loss typically use a fifteen percent change
BNP Elevation Risk Tier (Cardiotoxicity Marker): Explanation and Clinical Context B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a cardiac neurohormone released in response to ventricular volume expansion and pressure overload. Elevated BNP levels in patients undergoing potentially cardiotoxic therapies, such as anthracyclines or trastuzumab, may indicate early myocardial stress and subclinical cardiotoxicity. BNP risk stratifi
BNP/Creatinine Ratio Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The BNP/Creatinine Ratio is a biomarker-based index used in patients with heart failure and renal dysfunction to assess cardiovascular risk more precisely. Elevated BNP reflects cardiac stress, whereas serum creatinine indicates renal function. Combining these parameters accounts for the confounding effect of renal impairment on BNP levels, enhancing progno
Value Enter numeric value in ng/L (e.g., 275 or 275.5). Risk Model -- choose -- ESC/ERS 3-Strata (Low / Intermediate / High) COMPERA 2.0 Four-Strata (Low / Intermediate-Low / Intermediate-High / High) BNP/NT-proBNP Cutoffs in Pulmonary Hypertension: Explanation and Clinical Context Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) are key biomarkers of right ventricular strain and adverse prognosis i
BNP/NT-proBNP Ratio Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The BNP/NT-proBNP Ratio Index provides additional insight into the biochemical phenotype of heart failure and helps to differentiate between acute and chronic heart failure presentations. Both BNP and NT-proBNP are derived from proBNP, but they differ in clearance mechanisms and biological half-life. BNP is biologically active and cleared mainly by natriuret
BNP/NT-proBNP Risk Tier: Explanation and Clinical Context The BNP/NT-proBNP Risk Tier is a validated system to classify patients according to the circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP). These biomarkers reflect myocardial wall stress, ventricular overload, and cardiac dysfunction in conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure. Levels are
BNP/Troponin Dual Elevation Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The BNP/Troponin Dual Elevation Index is a simple clinical tool designed to stratify risk in patients with acute heart failure or suspected acute coronary syndrome by evaluating simultaneous elevations of B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin. Elevated BNP (>400 pg/mL) reflects myocardial stretch and volume overload, while elevated tr
BODE Index for COPD Prognosis Explanation and Clinical Context The BODE index is a multidimensional prognostic tool that combines body mass index BMI airflow obstruction measured as FEV1 percent predicted dyspnea assessed by the modified Medical Research Council mMRC scale and exercise capacity measured as six minute walk distance in meters. Each component is scored and the total ranges from zero to ten points. Highe
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: Explanation and Clinical Context Body surface area represents the external surface area of the human body and is widely used in clinical medicine because it correlates more closely with physiological parameters compared to actual body weight. BSA is routinely applied in cardiovascular care, nephrology, oncology, and critical care medicine. In hemodynamics, BSA is essential for calculating cardiac index, which is th
Bova Score: Explanation and Clinical Context Bova Score is a validated clinical tool to stratify early risk in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and identify those at higher risk of adverse outcomes, including hemodynamic decompensation. The score uses four variables: heart rate >110 bpm (1 point), systolic blood pressure 90–100 mmHg (1 point), elevated cardiac troponin (1 point), and right ventricular dysf
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia–Pulmonary Hypertension (BPD–PH) Severity Classification: Explanation and Clinical Context BPD–PH is a serious complication of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Classification of severity combines oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age and echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Mild BPD-PH indicates low
: Explanation and Clinical Context This tool estimates the risk of developing cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapy, particularly with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab. Risk factors include advanced age, lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), presence of hypertension or diabetes, and exposure to cardiotoxic agents. The calculated risk score stratifies patients into Lo
Breathing Reserve (BR%) Calculator: Explanation and Clinical Context Breathing Reserve is the difference between the predicted maximal voluntary ventilation (VEmax) and the peak exercise ventilation (VEpeak), expressed as a percentage of VEmax. It reflects the ventilatory capacity left unused at peak exercise. A normal BR% is typically 20-40%, indicating adequate ventilatory reserve. A lower BR% (<20%) suggests a ven
Explanation BRUE stands for Brief Resolved Unexplained Event and refers to a transient episode in infants characterized by cyanosis or pallor abnormal breathing marked change in tone or altered responsiveness which has returned to baseline at presentation. The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies infants as low risk when they meet all specific criteria including age over sixty days single event less than sixty s
Brugada Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The Brugada Risk Score, developed by Brugada et al. in 2010, is a clinical tool designed to stratify the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with Brugada Syndrome. It incorporates key predictors: spontaneous Type 1 ECG pattern, history of syncope, family history of SCD, fragmented QRS, and early repolarization in inferolateral leads. Each variable is ass
Burnout Screening Index Explanation and Clinical Context The Burnout Screening Index provides a structured approach to evaluating symptoms associated with work related emotional stress. It incorporates three core dimensions emotional exhaustion depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion reflects overwhelming fatigue that reduces the ability to engage with work. Depersonalization represents a