1,329 calculators and references across 60 specialties, with formula confidence shown up front.
A2C (Apical 2 Chamber) A2C (Apical 2 Chamber) A2C : Apical 2 chamber, LA : Left atrium, LV : Left ventricle, MV : Mitral valve. A2C (Zoomed Left Ventricle) A2C : Apical 2 chamber, LV : Left ventricle.
A3C (Apical 3 Chamber) A3C / APLAX (Apical 3 Chamber, Apical Long Axis) A3C : Apical 3 chamber, Ao : Aorta, AV : Aortic valve, LA : Left atrium, LV : Left ventricle, LVOT : Left ventricular outflow tract, MV : Mitral valve. A3C (Zoomed Left Ventricle) A3C : Apical 3 chamber, LV : Left ventricle.
A4C (Apical 4 Chamber) A4C (Apical 4 Chamber) A4C : Apical 4 chamber, IAS : Interatrial septum, IVS : Interventricular septum, LA : Left atrium, LV : Left ventricle, MV : Mitral valve, RA : Right atrium, RV : Right ventricle, TV : Tricuspid valve. A4C (Posterior Angulation) A4C : Apical 4 chamber, CS : Coronary sinus, LA : Left atrium, LV : Left ventricle, RA : Right atrium, RV : Right ventricle. A4C (Zoomed Left Ven
A5C (Apical 5 Chamber) A5C (Apical 5 Chamber) A5C : Apical 5 chamber, Ao : Aorta, IVS : Interventricular septum, LA : Left atrium, LV : Left ventricle, LVOT : Left ventricular outflow tract, RV : Right ventricle. A5C (Focus on RVOT) A5C : Apical 5 chamber, PA : Pulmonary artery, PV : Pulmonic valve, RVOT : Right ventricular outflow tract.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Rupture Risk Index: Explanation and Clinical Context AAA Rupture Risk Index is a tool designed to estimate the probability of rupture in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. It combines key risk factors including maximum aneurysm diameter, annual growth rate, and aneurysm morphology (fusiform or saccular). Diameter remains the strongest predictor, with risk increasing significantly
ABC Stroke Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History) Stroke Risk Score is a validated biomarker-based model designed to estimate the individual 1-year risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. It was developed and validated using data from the ARISTOTLE and RE-LY trials (Hijazi et al., Circulation 2016;133:268–277). Unlike traditi
ABC Stroke Score (with biomarkers): Explanation and Clinical Context The ABC Stroke Score is a validated risk prediction tool for estimating 1-year risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. It integrates Age, Biomarkers (NT-proBNP), and Clinical history including prior stroke or TIA and renal function (creatinine). Age is a continuous predictor, with higher age associated with increased stroke risk. Prior
ABCD² Score (TIA Risk): Explanation and Clinical Context The ABCD² Score is a validated clinical tool designed to estimate the short-term risk of stroke following a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). It was developed by Rothwell et al. and published in Lancet (2005), combining simple clinical features—Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical presentation, Duration, and Diabetes—to predict stroke risk within 2, 7, and 90 days afte
Abdominal Trauma Injury Score Explanation and Clinical Context Abdominal Trauma Injury Score is a structured framework designed to quantify the severity of abdominal organ damage following traumatic injury. Each abdominal organ receives a numerical grade based on anatomical disruption, bleeding severity, and physiological effect. This approach aligns with widely accepted organ injury scales from major trauma associat
ABLATION-Success Score: Explanation and Clinical Context ABLATION-Success Score is a predictive tool developed to estimate the likelihood of maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. It incorporates key clinical variables including type of atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal, persistent, or long-standing persistent), left atrial diameter, patient age, comorbidities (hypertensi
Absolute and Relative Risk Reduction Explanation and Clinical Context Absolute Risk Reduction ARR represents the difference in event rates between a control group and an experimental group. ARR quantifies how much an intervention reduces risk in absolute terms and is directly interpretable in clinical practice. Relative Risk Reduction RRR represents the proportional decrease in risk relative to the baseline risk of t
ACEF Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The ACEF Score (Age, Creatinine, and Ejection Fraction) is a simple, validated risk prediction tool for short-term mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or coronary interventions. It is calculated using the formula: ACEF = Age / LVEF + 1 (if serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL). Higher scores indicate higher risk of adverse outcomes. It is particularly useful in preopera
ACS And Gastrointestinal Bleeding PPI Indication Tool. Explanation And Clinical Context This tool is designed for patients with acute coronary syndrome who receive dual antiplatelet therapy oral anticoagulant therapy or both. The twenty twenty five ACC AHA ACS guideline states that in patients at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding a proton pump inhibitor should be used together with dual antiplatelet therapy oral
Explanation and Clinical Context This tool is designed to support early identification of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes who are likely to have acute myocardial infarction by combining high sensitivity cardiac troponin results with electrocardiographic findings and assay specific thresholds. The 2025 American Heart Association acute coronary syndromes guideline emphasizes that initial assessment sho
ACS Early Rule In Pathway Tool Explanation and Clinical Context This tool is designed to support early identification of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes who are likely to have acute myocardial infarction by combining high sensitivity cardiac troponin results with electrocardiographic findings and assay specific thresholds. The 2025 American Heart Association acute coronary syndromes guideline emphasi
Explanation and Clinical Context This tool helps clinicians identify bedside clinical features that signal high risk acute coronary syndromes. It is designed for patients with suspected or confirmed acute coronary syndromes including non ST segment elevation presentations and ST segment elevation presentations. The focus is early recognition of unstable clinical states that may benefit from rapid invasive evaluation
Explanation and Clinical Context This tool provides a structured bedside approach to identify patients with acute coronary syndrome who may be suitable for early hospital discharge once initial management is complete. It is intended for use after the acute phase when the treating team is considering discharge and when electrocardiography biomarkers and imaging data are already available. The tool combines simple clin
Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator implements the TIMI risk score for ST elevation myocardial infarction to estimate thirty day mortality risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome who present with ST elevation. It uses simple clinical variables that are available at the bedside including age systolic blood pressure heart rate Killip class history of diabetes hypertension or angina anterior ST elevat
Explanation and Clinical Context This decision aid is designed to support bedside selection of an antithrombotic regimen for patients with acute coronary syndrome by integrating presentation type initial management strategy coronary stent status need for chronic oral anticoagulation history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and estimated bleeding risk into a structured medication suggestion. In the Amer
Explanation and Clinical Context This tool provides individualized pharmacotherapy recommendations for acute coronary syndrome based on AHA guideline twenty twenty five. Core therapy for all ACS patients includes rapid initiation of Aspirin P2Y12 inhibitor parenteral anticoagulation and high intensity statin therapy unless contraindicated. Dual antiplatelet therapy with Aspirin plus Ticagrelor or Prasugrel is preferr
Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator helps determine the optimal revascularization approach in acute coronary syndrome based on clinical urgency hemodynamic status ischemic burden and risk features recommended in the 2025 American Heart Association guideline. Revascularization strategies include Immediate reperfusion for ST elevation myocardial infarction or unstable electrical and hemodynamic profiles Ea
Explanation And Clinical Context This tool summarizes short term mortality and ischemic risk estimation for patients with acute coronary syndromes based on guideline supported risk scores. The 2025 American Heart Association acute coronary syndromes guideline highlights that risk for early death and major adverse cardiac events varies widely among patients and that structured risk assessment can support bedside decis
ACS Troponin Interpretation Aid Sex Specific Thresholds Explanation and Clinical Context This tool supports interpretation of high sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome by relating the measured value to the appropriate sex specific ninety ninth percentile upper reference limit reported for the local assay. Current guidelines recommend high sensitivity troponin
ACS-NSQIP MICA (Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest) Risk: Explanation and Clinical Context The ACS-NSQIP MICA model estimates the probability of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest within 30 days of surgery using five independent predictors: age, functional status, ASA class, serum creatinine, and procedure category. The logistic equation is x = 0.02×Age + Functional + ASA + Creatinine + Proced
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
ACUITY HORIZONS Score Explanation and Clinical Context The ACUITY HORIZONS risk score is a validated clinical tool that helps estimate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes who undergo an early invasive strategy. This score incorporates age, renal function expressed through serum creatinine, hemodynamic status reflected by systolic blood pressure, and the
ADA 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context This model estimates the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) based on factors such as age, gender, race, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, diabetes status, and smoking history. It is derived from the Pooled Cohort Equations, which are widely used for cardiovascular risk assessment.
Additive EuroSCORE: Explanation and Clinical Context The Additive European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is a widely used risk stratification tool to estimate operative mortality for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Each risk factor is assigned a score (1–3 points) based on its impact on operative mortality. The total score is then used to approximate the risk of in-hospital death. This
ADHERE Renal Subscore: Explanation and Clinical Context The ADHERE Renal Subscore is part of the ADHERE risk model, developed to estimate in-hospital mortality risk for patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It incorporates renal function parameters, specifically serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, to assess the severity of renal impairment. Higher levels of creatinine and
ADHERE Tree Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The ADHERE Tree Model is a validated bedside tool to estimate in-hospital mortality risk for patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It uses three key clinical variables readily available at hospital admission: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Serum Creatinine. Based on these values, patients are stratified into
ADHERE Classification and Regression Tree (CART) — explanation and clinical context The ADHERE CART is a simple bedside decision tree developed from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry to estimate the risk of in-hospital mortality for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. The CART analysis identified three sequential admission variables that provided the best discrimination
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) Cardiometabolic Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The ATP Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) is a composite parameter derived from the ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol, multiplied by waist circumference. It reflects the integrated risk of insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and dyslipidemia—three core components of the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Educ
Advanced CVD Risk Model: Explanation and Clinical Context The Advanced CVD Risk Model, developed by the American Heart Association, estimates the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events in individuals aged 30–79 years without a history of cardiovascular disease. This model incorporates factors such as age, sex, race, smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels to pro
AEPEI Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The AEPEI Score is a clinical tool designed to assess the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. It incorporates three key variables: age, prosthetic valve type, and the presence of extra-cardiac events. A higher score indicates an increased risk of mortality and complications, aiding clinicians in making informed decisions regarding pati
AEPEI Surgical Risk Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The AEPEI Surgical Risk Index is a validated tool designed to estimate perioperative mortality risk in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. It incorporates key patient-specific factors including age, ASA classification, urgency of surgery, heart failure, renal insufficiency, and the complexity of the surgical procedure. The score is calculated by a
Aerobic Capacity Prediction by METs: Explanation and Clinical Context Aerobic capacity, measured in metabolic equivalents or METs, reflects the maximum oxygen consumption during physical activity and serves as a direct marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. This calculator predicts expected aerobic capacity based on age and sex using validated population formulas. Aerobic capacity consistently demonstrates a strong ass
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Burden: Explanation and Clinical Context Atrial Fibrillation (AF) burden refers to the cumulative duration of AF episodes experienced by a patient per day, typically measured via continuous ECG monitoring or implantable devices. It is quantified in minutes/day and provides valuable prognostic information beyond AF presence alone. Studies show that higher AF burden is associated with increased
AF Polygenic Risk Score (AF-PRS): Explanation and Clinical Context The AF Polygenic Risk Score (AF-PRS) quantifies an individual's inherited genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation based on the cumulative effect of multiple risk alleles. It is derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that identify common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AF risk. The PRS is calculated by summing
AFEQT Score (Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life): Explanation and Clinical Context The AFEQT Score is a validated patient-reported outcome measure that assesses health-related quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). It evaluates four domains: Symptoms, Daily Activities, Treatment Concern, and Overall Health. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better quality
AFIRE Study Algorithm — Practical explanation and context This calculator applies the core enrollment and outcome insights from the AFIRE randomized trial (Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Events with Rivaroxaban in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease) to provide a pragmatic recommendation: patients with atrial fibrillation and stable CAD who are at least 1 year past revascularization (or have angiographical
AFNet AI Prediction Model (Paroxysmal AF detection): explanation and context This tool provides two complementary approaches: (1) a CHARGE-AF–style clinical proxy estimator that uses demographic and common clinical predictors to compute an approximate probability of paroxysmal AF detection on prolonged monitoring, and (2) an optional slot to combine an external ECG-AI model probability (if you have a deployed ECG mod
Agatston Calcium Score (CT): Explanation and Clinical Context The Agatston Score is a quantitative measure of coronary artery calcium (CAC) obtained from non-contrast CT scans. It is calculated by multiplying the area of each calcified lesion by a density factor derived from the peak Hounsfield Unit (HU) within that lesion. The sum of all lesions' scores gives the total Agatston Score. Higher scores correlate with gr
AHEAD score - Explanation and clinical context The AHEAD score is a simple bedside risk classification tool developed to estimate short- and long-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. It includes five binary items (each scores 1 point): Atrial fibrillation (present on admission or known AF), Haemoglobin below sex-specific thresholds (<130 g/L in men; <120 g/L in women), Elderly age (age > 7
AHEAD Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The AHEAD Score is a validated bedside tool to estimate short-term mortality risk in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). It was derived from the Czech AHEAD (Acute HEart failure Database) registry, encompassing over 4,500 patients. The acronym AHEAD represents five independent risk predictors: Atrial fibrillation, Hemoglobin below normal, Elderly (>70 yea
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
AI-ECG Deep Learning Model for Left Ventricular Dysfunction — Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator implements the clinical screening logic described by Attia et al. (Nature Medicine 2019). The original model is a convolutional neural network trained on paired 12-lead ECG and echocardiogram pairs from tens of thousands of patients. The model was trained to detect reduced systolic function defined as left v
Selected references (evidence used to design index): Davies RH et al., "Precision measurement of cardiac structure and function in cardiovascular magnetic resonance using machine learning" (J Cardiovasc Magn Reson). This work shows automated algorithms can improve precision vs manual methods. Alabed S et al., "Quality of reporting in AI cardiac MRI segmentation studies" (Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine) — review
Air Pollution Short-term Cardiac Risk Index (PM2.5 Exposure): Explanation and Clinical Context Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅, particles with diameter ≤2.5 μm) has been shown to increase the risk of acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure exacerbation, and sudden cardiac death. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that even transient exposure to eleva
AKI–KDIGO Stage Correlation with Heart Failure Mortality: Explanation and Clinical Context Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) defined by KDIGO criteria is strongly associated with increased mortality in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Stage 1 AKI is associated with a modest increase in in-hospital and short-term mortality, whereas Stage 2 and Stage 3 AKI significantly elevate the risk of death. Patients with severe
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
Aldrete Score Recovery Assessment Explanation and Clinical Context The Aldrete score is a structured bedside tool used to evaluate physiologic recovery after anesthesia or procedural sedation. It grades five domains that reflect the return of baseline neuromuscular function, respiratory stability, hemodynamic stability, level of consciousness and adequate oxygenation. Each domain receives a value from zero to two and