1,329 calculators and references across 60 specialties, with formula confidence shown up front.
Facial Expression Body Movements Select No movement or normal position Protective movement or slow cautious movement Restlessness or agitation Compliance with Ventilator Select Tolerating ventilator Coughing or mild resistance Asynchrony with ventilator Muscle Tension Select Relaxed Increased tone Rigid or very tense CPOT Pain Scale for Intubated Patients Explanation and Clinical Context The Critical Care Pain Observ
CPX-AUC Index (Total Oxygen Uptake Area): Explanation and Clinical Context CPX-AUC Index represents the integrated total oxygen uptake during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX). It provides a global measure of aerobic capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness, considering not only peak VO₂ but also submaximal oxygen consumption throughout exercise. This index is typically calculated using trapezoidal integration of V
C-Reactive Protein / Albumin Ratio (CAR): Explanation and Clinical Context The C-Reactive Protein / Albumin Ratio (CAR) is a prognostic biomarker reflecting the balance between systemic inflammation and nutritional status. CRP is an acute-phase protein that rises in response to inflammation, whereas serum albumin decreases during systemic inflammation or malnutrition. CAR is calculated as CRP (mg/L) divided by serum
CRP/HDL Ratio (CHL Index): Explanation and Clinical Context The CRP/HDL Ratio, also known as the CHL Index, is a cardiovascular risk marker derived from the ratio of C-reactive protein (CRP) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation, while HDL-C has anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. A higher CHL Index indicates a greater inflammatory burden relative to
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CRT Response Index (Pre-implant Predictors): Explanation and Clinical Context The CRT Response Index is a pre-implantation scoring system designed to predict the likelihood of a positive response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure. It combines multiple baseline clinical and electrocardiographic parameters including age, QRS duration, presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB), left v
: Explanation, Rationale and Clinical Context This calculator provides a transparent composite index that combines electrical dyssynchrony (QRS duration on surface ECG) and a user-supplied mechanical dyssynchrony measure (for example: septal-to-lateral delay by tissue Doppler, interventricular mechanical delay, or an equivalent echo/TDI-derived delay in milliseconds). The index is not a replacement for guideline-base
CRT-N Response Probability: Explanation and Clinical Context This nomogram predicts the likelihood of a positive response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in patients with chronic heart failure. It incorporates three independent factors: Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume (LVESV), Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis, and Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). Higher LVESV and myocardial fibrosis percentages, along with
CRUSADE Bleeding Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The CRUSADE Bleeding Score is a validated clinical tool developed to estimate the risk of in-hospital major bleeding among patients who present with non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. The score was derived from a large multicenter registry and includes clinical variables that are available at the time of presentation. These factors include hematocrit, c
CRUSADE Bleeding Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The CRUSADE Bleeding Score is a validated tool designed to predict in-hospital major bleeding risk for patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) undergoing antithrombotic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention. It incorporates baseline clinical and laboratory variables such as hematocrit, creatinine clearance, heart rate,
Cryo vs RF Efficacy Model: Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator estimates the probability of remaining free from atrial tachyarrhythmia about 12 months after a single catheter ablation procedure and compares cryoballoon ablation (Cryo) with radiofrequency ablation (RF). It uses the validated APPLE score (Age > 65 years, persistent AF, eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, left atrial diameter ≥ 43 mm, and LVEF < 50%)
CS-CHD Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The CS-CHD Score is a prognostic model developed to estimate the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. It incorporates clinical parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, history of ventricular arrhythmias, and need for ablation therapy. Higher scores indicate increased risk
Explanation and clinical context The CardShock score was developed from a multicenter cohort to predict short-term mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock of various etiologies and uses seven admission variables (age, confusion, previous MI/CABG, ACS as cause, LVEF, lactate and eGFR). The IABP-SHOCK II score was derived from the IABP-SHOCK II trial in AMI-related cardiogenic shock; it uses variables available at
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
CT Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRct): Explanation and Clinical Context CT FFR is a non-invasive imaging-derived estimate of the pressure drop across a coronary stenosis, simulating the fractional flow reserve obtained by invasive measurement. It integrates coronary CT angiography data with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or simplified algorithms to predict lesion-specific ischemia. FFRct values <0.75 generally indic
CT Pericardial Thickness Index (PTI): Explanation and Clinical Context The CT Pericardial Thickness Index (PTI) is a standardized measure of pericardial thickness adjusted for body surface area (BSA), providing a more individualized assessment of pericardial remodeling or constriction. Pericardial thickening >4 mm/m² is considered abnormal and may indicate constrictive pericarditis or risk for hemodynamic compromise.
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
CT-Based Annulus Sizing Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The CT-Based Annulus Sizing Index is a quantitative parameter used to assess the relationship between the native aortic annulus size (derived from CT imaging) and the selected transcatheter heart valve (THV) size. It provides an objective measure of oversizing or undersizing during pre-procedural transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) planning. Th
The audited source currently returns an empty page. This catalog entry is retained for coverage and monitoring, but no clinical content or calculation is asserted.
CTEP Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The CTEP Index is a scoring system developed to assess the thromboembolic potential in patients with infective endocarditis. It incorporates two key factors: the size of the vegetation and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism. A vegetation size of 13 mm or greater and the identification of Staphylococcus aureus are associated with a higher risk o
CURB65 Pneumonia Severity Score Explanation and Clinical Context CURB65 assigns one point for each of five readily available clinical variables at initial assessment: new onset confusion, blood urea greater than 7 mmol per liter, respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute or more, low blood pressure defined as systolic less than 90 mm Hg or diastolic 60 mm Hg or less, and age 65 years or older. The total score ranges
Cushing's Syndrome Cardiometabolic Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The Cushing's Syndrome Cardiometabolic Risk Score is a tool designed to quantify the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in patients with endogenous or exogenous hypercortisolism. The score incorporates common metabolic parameters including age, BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol to str
CVP/PCWP Ratio Prognostic Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The CVP/PCWP Ratio Prognostic Index is used to evaluate right and left heart filling pressures in patients with advanced heart failure or cardiogenic shock. Central Venous Pressure (CVP) reflects right atrial pressure, indicating right ventricular preload and venous congestion. Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) reflects left atrial pressure and
Cystatin C-Based Cardiovascular Mortality Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The Cystatin C-Based Cardiovascular Mortality Index utilizes serum cystatin C levels to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), providing a more accurate assessment of renal function compared to creatinine-based methods. Elevated cystatin C levels have been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular mortality, independent of t
Cystatin C–NT-proBNP Combined Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The Cystatin C–NT-proBNP Combined Risk Score is designed to stratify patients' cardiovascular risk by integrating renal function (Cystatin C) and cardiac stress marker (NT-proBNP). Elevated Cystatin C reflects impaired kidney function and has been associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. NT-proBNP indicates myocardial wal
D-dimer–NT-proBNP Composite Risk Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The D-dimer–NT-proBNP Composite Risk Score is a clinical tool developed to estimate short-term adverse outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It combines plasma D-dimer levels, a marker of fibrin degradation and thrombosis activity, with NT-proBNP levels, a biomarker of myocardial stress. This composite scoring system stratifie
DANISH Score (ICD Benefit Model): Explanation and Clinical Context The DANISH Score is derived from the DANISH trial (Køber et al., 2016) to estimate the potential benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with non-ischemic systolic heart failure. It considers clinical variables such as age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), diabetes mellitus, a
DANISH Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DANISH score is a clinical tool developed to assess the benefit of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) implantation in patients with non-ischemic systolic heart failure. It incorporates three key parameters: age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and NT-proBNP levels. These factors are combined to stratify patients into low, moderate, or hi
DANISH Trial — ICD Subgroup Mortality Index: Explanation and Clinical Context This tool is an educational, exploratory calculator that maps an individual patient’s profile onto the principal subgroup findings from the DANISH randomized trial (Køber et al., NEJM 2016) and subsequent subgroup/extended analyses. The DANISH trial randomized 1,116 patients with non-ischemic systolic heart failure to receive an ICD or usua
DAPA-HF Response Predictor: Explanation and Clinical Context The DAPA‑HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure) trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In subsequent analyses, investigators explored baseline variables to identify which patie
DAPT bleeding reduction strategy selector based on high bleeding risk explanation and clinical context This tool is intended for patients with acute coronary syndrome who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention and require dual antiplatelet therapy. It uses the Academic Research Consortium definition of high bleeding risk and the antiplatelet recommendations in the twenty twenty five guideline to suggest practical
DAPT De Escalation Strategy Ticagrelor or Prasugrel to Clopidogrel Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator helps clinicians apply the two part concept of DAPT modulation in the twenty twenty five acute coronary syndrome guideline. The guideline confirms that ticagrelor and prasugrel are preferred over clopidogrel in most patients with ACS undergoing PCI because they reduce major adverse cardiovascular events
DAPT Score: Comprehensive Explanation and Clinical Context The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) Score is a validated clinical tool developed to help physicians decide whether to extend dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 12 months after coronary stent implantation. It balances ischemic benefit against bleeding risk based on nine clinical and procedural variables. A score of >2 suggests that prolonged DAPT may reduce the
DAPT-CHF Subgroup Analysis Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The DAPT-CHF Subgroup Analysis Index estimates the net clinical benefit of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with coronary stents who have coexisting chronic heart failure (CHF). The original DAPT Study demonstrated that extended DAPT beyond 12 months reduced stent thrombosis and myocardial infarction but increased moderate or sev
DAS28 ESR CRP Rheumatoid arthritis activity score Explanation and clinical context DAS28 is a composite score used to quantify disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using 28 joint counts for tenderness and swelling combined with a patient reported global health measure and one inflammatory biomarker. The score can be calculated using either erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C reactive protein. The fo
DASH Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DASH Score is a clinical prediction rule designed to estimate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients presenting with suspected VTE. It incorporates four variables: D-dimer levels, age, sex, and hormonal therapy use. Each variable is assigned points based on thresholds derived from cohort studies. Higher total scores correlate with increased probability of
Explanation and Clinical Context DASS twenty one is a validated screening instrument designed to measure emotional distress across three independent domains that include stress anxiety and depression. The tool quantifies symptoms through twenty one simple questions that patients can complete in a short time which makes it practical for use in both clinical and research settings. Scores are doubled to match the struct
DCM Mortality Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DCM Mortality Score is a clinical risk prediction tool developed for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) to estimate 1-year mortality risk. It integrates age, NYHA functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and history of ventricular arrhythmia. Higher scores correspond to worse prognosis. This tool helps clinicians stratify patients f
DECLARE–TIMI 58 HF Risk Reduction Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DECLARE–TIMI 58 trial evaluated over 17,000 patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, assessing dapagliflozin versus placebo for major adverse cardiovascular and heart failure outcomes. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in hospitalization for heart failure, irrespective o
— Explanation and Clinical Context The DeepCAD Risk Model here is presented as a transparent prototype intended to illustrate how an AI-based coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality predictor can be embedded into a clinical website tool. This prototype combines widely reported clinical predictors (age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, serum creatinine, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, active smoking, an
DeepHeart (approximation) — Explanation and Clinical Context DeepHeart in the original publications is a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline trained on large amounts of wearable heart-rate time series and limited labeled clinical data to predict multiple cardiometabolic conditions and to flag abnormal rhythms. The model learns features from continuous heart rate and activity signals rather than relying solely on h
DeepSurv HF Prognostic Model — Explanation and Clinical Context DeepSurv is a Cox-proportional-hazards deep neural network that learns a nonlinear risk function from patient covariates and outputs individualized survival/hazard estimates. Applied to heart failure (HF), DeepSurv-based models can integrate many continuous and interacting predictors (clinical variables, biomarkers, and high-resolution signals) and may i
Default dual antiplatelet therapy duration ≥ twelve months after acute coronary syndrome strategy tool explanation and clinical context Dual antiplatelet therapy which combines aspirin with an oral P two Y twelve inhibitor is a cornerstone of treatment after acute coronary syndrome because it lowers the risk of early and late thrombotic events including recurrent myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis across both
Patient age (years) Atrial Septal Aneurysm (ASA) present? Septal hypermobility (phasic excursion, mm) High-risk threshold in DEFENSE-PFO: ≥10 mm. PFO separation/height (maximum septum primum–secundum separation, mm) High-risk threshold in DEFENSE-PFO: ≥2 mm. DEFENSE-PFO Model (Cryptogenic Stroke Benefit): Explanation and Clinical Context The DEFENSE-PFO trial evaluated patients with cryptogenic stroke and high-risk p
DeFeo Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DeFeo Score is a validated tool to predict the surgical indication in patients with mitral valve disease. It incorporates functional, structural, and hemodynamic parameters: NYHA functional class, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Each parameter is assigned points based on t
Dehydration Severity in Children Explanation and Clinical Context Dehydration in children commonly occurs due to gastroenteritis febrile illness or reduced intake. The percentage of weight loss is one of the most practical and widely used clinical indicators to classify dehydration severity. No dehydration is generally considered when weight loss is under three percent. Mild to moderate dehydration is usually between
: Explanation and Clinical Context The calculator estimates the 2-year absolute benefit of adding dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily in patients with symptomatic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 40% (mildly reduced or preserved). The estimate uses a simplified model based on the primary endpoint of the DELIVER trial (composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure) in which dapa
Delta Troponin Change Based Acute MI Algorithm This calculator helps evaluate likelihood of acute myocardial infarction based on serial high sensitivity troponin measurement using initial and repeat values combined with absolute and relative delta changes. Diagnosis is supported when at least one value exceeds the ninety ninth percentile reference limit with a rising or falling pattern that meets significant change t
Denes Prognostic Index (DPI): Explanation and Clinical Context The Denes Prognostic Index is a clinical tool used to assess the mortality risk in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). This index incorporates several key clinical parameters to stratify patients into different risk categories, aiding clinicians in decision-making processes regarding treatment strategies and resource allocation.
Dengue Severity Criteria Explanation and Clinical Context Dengue severity classification is an essential tool to support early identification of patients who are at risk of deterioration. The framework is based on internationally accepted clinical criteria that distinguish three major groups which are probable dengue, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue. Probable dengue is characterized by fever and supporti
Depolarization Abnormality Index (DAI): Explanation and Clinical Context DAI is a quantitative ECG measure designed to evaluate intraventricular conduction abnormalities and predict risk of adverse cardiac events. It is calculated by subtracting the intrinsicoid deflection in leads V5 or V6 from the total QRS duration and dividing by the QRS duration. A higher DAI indicates a greater conduction abnormality and potent
DEPOSIT Score: Explanation and Clinical Context The DEPOSIT (Device-related Endocarditis Prediction) Score is a validated tool to estimate the risk of infective endocarditis in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). It incorporates patient age, device type (pacemaker, ICD, CRT), prior device-related infections, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, and renal failure. Higher scores indicate i
Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (dNLR): Explanation and Clinical Context dNLR is calculated as the ratio of neutrophil count to the difference between total white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil count (dNLR = Neutrophils / [WBC - Neutrophils]). It is a simple, readily available inflammatory marker derived from routine blood counts. Elevated dNLR has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with
Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (dNLR): Explanation and Clinical Context dNLR is calculated as the ratio of neutrophil count to the difference between total white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil count (dNLR = Neutrophils / [WBC - Neutrophils]). It is a simple, readily available inflammatory marker derived from routine blood counts. Elevated dNLR has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with
DES Gene Risk Stratification (proposed, literature-informed): Explanation and Clinical Context This calculator implements a pragmatic, composite risk tool for individuals with DES gene variants (desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy) that combines genotype (pathogenic/likely pathogenic vs VUS/negative), presence of clinical cardiomyopathy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), arrhythmic burden (non-sustained VT,
: Explanation and Clinical Context The DETECT Algorithm is a validated, evidence-based two-step screening tool for early detection of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). It was developed from a large prospective multicenter study (Coghlan et al., Ann Rheum Dis, 2014) that identified key clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic predictors of PAH in high-risk SSc patients
DETECT ICD algorithm — explanation and clinical context The DETECT ICD tool is a pragmatic, rule-based decision support algorithm to help clinicians triage patients with syncope who may require consideration of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy or expedited electrophysiology evaluation. It prioritizes: (1) clear secondary-prevention indications such as documented sustained ventricular tachycardia (
DETERMINE-AHF Composite Outcome Algorithm — Explanation and Clinical Context This page implements a prototype calculator designed to estimate the probability of a pre-specified composite adverse outcome in acute heart failure (AHF) using a logistic regression style formula. The prototype accepts common, admission-time clinical variables (age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, creatinine, BUN, NT-proBNP, LVEF, and
Detsky Cardiac Risk Index: Explanation and Clinical Context The Detsky Cardiac Risk Index is one of the earliest structured tools developed to estimate the risk of perioperative cardiac complications in patients undergoing non cardiac surgery. It predates the Revised Cardiac Risk Index and remains historically important because it introduced a systematic approach to clinical variables that increase perioperative card